from Kafka’s Lung
by Cecilia Hansson
translated by Kathy Saranpa
Seeking out life beyond the strains of the everyday, Cecilia Hansson sets off on an illuminating personal voyage in Franz Kafka’s footsteps. Exploring Kafka’s life and works through their refractions in her own past and family history, Hansson’s deeply reflective novel takes us through Vienna, Prague and Sweden in search of the great writer, but also, perhaps more importantly, in search of herself.
Cecilia Hansson is a celebrated poet and author, and her shimmering prose combines poetic and essayistic elements. In this excerpt, taken from an early stage of the novel, the writer describes her first encounters with Kafka and the significance that his works had for her at the time. This is seamlessly interwoven with an account of her time in Vienna, and of Kafka’s relationship with one of his translators, Milena Jesenská.

from Kafka's Lung
Darkness and a chill spring wind envelop the city. My hotel is located on a side street just behind the Rathaus. The bed has coarse sheets and the windows face an inner courtyard that looks like all the others in Vienna. Tall buildings around a confined space, the façades reach towards the sky, like longing. All the things I’ve let pass me by and will never be able to embrace – they flicker. The moments that broke apart and can never be made whole again. They twist around me like sheets.
A figure emerges from the hotel walls. It speaks of what exists, a belonging on the other side. That which is both pain and the great prize, at the same time. A buried treasure, deep under all the layers of the earth. Of what’s called love, but which is oh so much bigger.
Love is gentle, as the Song of Songs says. Patient, not envious, boastful or arrogant. Not impertinent or self-seeking. It isn’t quick to anger and absolutely does not hold a grudge. It doesn’t exalt itself, doesn’t mess around and have fun. It doesn’t write any crazy e-mails or emotional letters, doesn’t yell and scream on side streets. It shuts up and complies. This is what is written, right? But as for me, I’ve never been able to find my place anywhere – what’s left for me? Besides this great pain that’s taken over, that I can’t seem to get any distance from. How I’ve tried! Day after day and then at night, when it takes over like a belly flop in my sleep. The dream: like a summons.
When someone wants something from you, so that you hear it throughout the room. An exhortation I cannot understand. An inhalation. Where is it coming from? It won’t, despite all my efforts, let me go.
I pull down the curtains and have pizza delivered. I eat it with my fingers and push the empty carton to the floor. I guzzle a bottle of Pellegrino and let my thoughts wander. The fact that I’m in Vienna to research Kafka is simply an excuse, I have to admit it. I’m here to get some time to myself, as they say. To get away from my everyday life and my family, from my to-do lists that are never checked off. The ICA grocery bags, the mounds of laundry and food deliveries, ordered online. All the lost keys and socks and rows and nagging. My life of privilege, framed by the normality of our three-room flat in Kungsholmen. If I were a lady from a century ago, I would check into a convalescent home, but there’s nothing like that available now. Besides, I don’t need rest – I need life, and now, before my lungs run out of air.
The lungs and the denseness of life just before death. The state between these two, the transition. That which happens there, in the waiting-for. That which no one can know, but one day will meet us all – some of us sooner rather than later. Franz Kafka died prematurely because of his lungs. Or ‘passed’ as they say. Like ‘passing by’. Something I’m doing all the time. Because maybe I’m also in Vienna to find out how to live my life. But this is a quagmire that isn’t taking me anywhere else but away, instead of home. And what, actually, is left to write about Kafka, or even about the lungs?
How it emerges, that light between the words. And how I’m always landing in something else. In the possibilities of an impossible love.
It starts inside her, the woman named Milena Jesenská. Inside the enveloping night. In the ennui, the Viennese ennui. In this language that is not hers, that she never chose. The loneliness, the vulnerability. Not being able to come into her own.
I want to emphasize this: it isn’t about me and the sources of my pain. You can never compare anything. But to write about others is to graze against yourself. You meet within the loneliness that always encloses you, no matter what you do.
Arriving as a stranger, unable to make yourself understood. The Slavic language that bounces and skids against the melodic Viennese dialect. Obviously you start to translate, and just as obviously you get in touch with someone who can open up the pathway out.
Maybe that’s what she was thinking, Milena Jesenská. I have no idea. The only thing I know is that the correspondence that developed between them never left me. Or Franz Kafka’s letters to her, rather. The letters she herself wrote no longer exist – I can only sense their intensity. Her encouragement, her worry, her care.
They had their time together, four bright days and maybe nights in Vienna, which were never again repeated. It was Franz Kafka’s fault: he was hopeless in relationships. And then his tuberculosis as well.
Milena Jesenská had moved to Vienna in March 1918 with her husband. The reason was that her father had forced them out of Prague, although World War I was still raging. Milena had always been a strong-willed child, and she would become worse as the years went by. Her studies in medicine were interrupted before they really took off. Instead she worked at a school, socialized in German-Jewish circles in Prague, dashed in and out of Café Arco.
When she fell in love with Ernst Pollak, ten years her senior, her father had her admitted to a psychiatric hospital to cut off the relationship. She was raised in a bourgeois milieu and there was room for a few follies, but others simply had to be snuffed out.
Milena was thirteen when her mother died, and then she and her father were the only ones left. When she was allowed to leave, as an adult – which you became at the age of twenty-one – she got married. In Vienna, she worked various temporary jobs. She translated between Czech and German, and gave Czech lessons as well. She carried suitcases at the train station. She wrote journalistic texts and pamphlets. She researched in-depth articles on post-war poverty. Sometimes she coughed up blood.
Her husband lived a bohemian life and had to be brought home from the cafés. There was a mistress, too, or several. All of this was beneath Milena Jesenská’s dignity and very different from what she’d been used to in Prague, where life had been open-and-shut for her.
In 1920 she translated Kafka’s story ‘The Stoker’, which would become the introduction to his novel Amerika – or The Missing Person as Kafka himself called it – and several other prose texts. This quickened the pace of their correspondence. ‘Desperation’ seems to have been a key word between them – except when it came to the translations, where everything worked like a charm.
In one of Franz Kafka’s first letters to Milena Jesenská, or Pollak as she was called while married, he wrote, ‘The lungs then. […] For me, it started in the middle of the night about three years ago with a haemorrhage. I got up, worried as you get about everything new (instead of lying there quite still, as they later prescribed for me), naturally also a bit frightened. I walked to the window, leaned out, went over to the washbasin, paced the room, sat on the bed – the whole time, blood.’
He spoke of blood because Milena Jesenská had told him she was sick. Franz Kafka dismissed it by saying there was surely no danger, and then told her in great detail about his own lung disease. He was in Merano, it was 1920, and he had started to get worse and worse. He sensed that he would never again be healthy. When she wrote to him: a voice from another reality and yet close by. From home, yet not. A transition between home and the new.
Everything had changed after 1918. The Hapsburg Empire was divided after World War I. Vienna was no longer the capital city of a proud double monarchy, but of a seriously diminished Austria. And Prague was now in Czechoslovakia. Both countries struggled with their problems: nationalism, ethnic cleansing, poverty after the war. At Kafka’s office, the state Workers’ Accident Insurance Institute where he’d been employed for many years, Germans and Jews were weeded out. Everyone except Kafka, who stayed on – he was an irreplaceable exception.
Milena was the one who wrote to Franz first, with a question about translation. They’d caught glimpses of each other at cafés in Prague, amongst other authors and intellectuals, and now she wanted to take on his texts. Bring them home! They said that Milena wasn’t someone you forgot. The correspondence between Merano and Vienna bespeaks Milena’s nagging that he come visit. But Franz, he simply couldn’t. He wrote: ‘I am certain I won’t come, but if despite everything – it’s not going to happen – I, to my incredible surprise, should find myself in Vienna, I will need no breakfast or supper, but rather a stretcher where I can lie down for a little while.’ It wasn’t for lack of desire – it was his lungs, a penetrating exhaustion. And a lack of ability when it came to relationships with women, an idealizing, a fear of getting too close. But eventually he came, after all. It was a meeting he wrote about later, about Milena’s beautiful dresses and about holding her hand as long as he dared. And which Milena, in turn, described in letters to Max Brod, Franz Kafka’s closest friend. To him she wrote that for Kafka, life was something quite different than it was for everyone else. For him, this world was and will continue to be a mystical secret. His books were remarkable, but he himself was even more so. What did she know about long-term lung disease and its effect on the body? It’s a situation where a hand at just the right temperature can mean everything you’ve ever wanted.
Four days, and then oceans of waiting. Something that doesn’t leave a trace but nevertheless becomes visible in your bearing – it does, right?
Franz Kafka’s diaries don’t give many hints about those days – nor do his letters. Maybe they were completely wrapped up in each other, in the greenery, the scents, the nature. Maybe they ate Sachertorte to celebrate Franz’ thirty-seventh birthday, letting the apricot layers bind them together. Pooh, so stupid to even speculate about such things, as if I had any clue.
But somewhere there are a couple of lines about a collarbone, a dress strap and an almost exposed breast. Something about Franz Kafka supposedly kissing Milena goodbye at the Franz-Josef station before he went home, firmly believing this was his future.
Meeting another body and how it smells. How it can take you home. Like when I was at a lecture in philosophy, an evening seminar at Stockholm University, and smelled the scent of strong cigarettes and a hair pomade with a light aroma of leather. For a couple of months, this was enough to stick me with a young man who was troublesome, to say the least. His recovery order from the Student Loan Board was just the tip of an underground iceberg, and neither his artist mother nor his professor father could control him. But he was also the first one to really see my poems, so maybe my aim was true after all.
When I awaken, I’m tangled in the bedclothes; everything around me smells sweet. Yesterday’s pizza box is swelling in the heat. When I look in the bathroom mirror, I ask: Is this me? Who on earth have I become? Forty-seven years old but with the same angry bob and impertinent, puffy appearance as always. I’m like an overgrown teenager who never felt comfortable in her own skin. I yank the brush through my hair and splash my face with cold water. It doesn’t get any better than this. I take the stairs down to the hotel breakfast. Italian and Danish tourists crowd around the buffet. The eggs are cold, the juice squeezer has gone on strike, the tables need clearing and the marmalade is all gone.
In the courtyard, the May morning is chilly. Coffee lends a sense of peace to my body. I look up at the sky. The city: it’s open to me now. How I’ll get around, entering shops and contexts. I’ll go straight to Julius Meinl’s flagship store at Graben. Is this where I’ve wanted to go? Into a kind of bourgeois self-evidence, as when I have my daughter by my side, showing that I’m a mother now.
Not like when she was small and I took a look at myself in the mirror. With a diaper bag, pram and all of the correct attributes, while feeling alienated inside. Not from her, my child, or our little life. But from the image of what a mother is supposed to be. Neat, no stains, and making sure the little one is wearing a sweater at the child welfare clinic. Although maybe that’s what I was like after all. It doesn’t matter, because soon I’ll be the mother of a teenager, and how will I ever be enough? You can’t simply set up a Snapchat account – there’s so much else to embrace. Like the vaping, the messaging and the cash-tapping. Outfits and skin-care routines – the kinds of things I’ll never be able to understand.
Back upstairs in my room, I wash my hair although I don’t really have the energy. I put on a white blouse and suit pants. Adult, fresh and clean and irreproachable. I lie down on the bed again, open up a jar of apricot marmalade. I eat a few spoonfuls straight out of the jar and fall asleep.
I doze my way to the town where I grew up. I’m no longer an adult with my own family, but nineteen and lost. My rosy-warm skin, the worry surrounding me. You couldn’t let on that anything was wrong. I’ve just come back from Vienna. I’ve failed as an au pair and as a human, didn’t check off a single one of the things on the list I’d made before I left. I’ve neither created a European life for myself nor written a book of poetry. On the other hand, I’ve managed to acquire sores that leak all over the sheets. Dragging myself into the bathroom is a great feat, and once I’m there taking a shower makes me sweaty.
My friends from high school – I talk to them on the phone. They’ve been to Paris, Bretagne and Kaliningrad. They’ve learned French, English and Russian. They’ve had boyfriends, smoked hashish and gone through glass tables at cafés. They’ve taken the train between Paris and Lille and collapsed in bushes on the Riviera. They’ve gotten pregnant on an island in the West Indies and gone home when it was time to give birth. They’ve learned about life, and while they’ve been doing it, I’ve found myself in an uncontrolled state in Vienna – the city of broken dreams and landscapes, the resting place for my brilliant ideas.
Now I’m something awkward that they can’t get rid of, like an insect that’s got inside. I’ve been banished to my brother’s old room, while he’s taken possession of my much bigger one. He plays football, travels all around the county of Norrbotten refereeing games, works an extra job at Statoil and takes yet another sabbatical. My parents’ concern about him is a mumbling in the evenings – he’s the one who could really become something. I, on the other hand, have always been someone who was going to go to pieces sooner or later, a loose cannon on a field blanketed in snow.
The green wallpaper in the shower room makes me nauseous. The smell of childhood and failure regurgitates from the drain. My bathtub toys, the memory of when everything was simple. Because my childhood really was simple, wasn’t it?
One day, a few relatives come to visit. I can hear them bustling about down there in the kitchen with the coffee cups and spoons. Slowly I shuffle my way downstairs and say hello. Everyone stares at me. It’s as if I were someone else, something foreign.
‘What would you do if you were financially independent?’ my brother asks one day after I’ve managed to crawl out of bed. He’s baked an apple pie and is whipping up a package of vanilla sauce. ‘Buy a flat in Vienna and one in Berlin, maybe one in Prague, too. Register at all the universities and then just travel between them and study.’
My brother puts down the electric mixer, and the words grow in his mouth like an apple you thought was good but turned out to be rotten inside. ‘You’ll be wrapping your children’s Christmas presents in newspaper,’ he says, and we both know that it’s probably true. For even though my brother does bop around and make trouble, one day he’s going to start studying at the Stockholm School of Economics, get married and buy a flat, while I’m still whirling around looking for direction.
I still haven’t read Franz Kafka properly, just a few short stories that have pulled me into a feeling of vibrating, mysterious darkness. When I do it a few weeks later, when I’m miraculously back on my feet and starting to study German at the university in my hometown, I understand that it’s Gregor Samsa who’s taken possession of me. The anti-hero in Franz Kafka’s short novel The Metamorphosis, the travelling salesman who wakes up one morning to discover he’s now a cockroach. It helps me understand everything about myself, my family and the world around me. That the shame and the incapacity are one and the same. Even the apples in the novel that Gregor’s father throws at him and which then get stuck in his shell, causing the infections that bring on his demise. All of this recurs in my life and is bound together with my own whispering will. With apricots and hinterland heat, the peaks of the Alps and free-falling, forward-falling.
The pain pulls me out of my dream and I awaken exhausted. My blouse is wrinkled and my mascara has smeared. I straighten my clothing and rush down the stairs of the hotel. Barbara is standing there waiting in the sunshine, with the cream-white buildings of Vienna serving as backdrop.
‘But don’t you see? Milena is calling you,’ she says. We walk towards an Italian café that serves the best organic sorbet in all of Vienna. She’s more elegant than ever, moves self-confidently in any neighbourhood she pleases. We’ve been friends for ten years, introduced to each other by a mutual acquaintance who thought we ought to meet. Maybe Barbara is what I could have become if I hadn’t stopped to have a family, if I had kept going. I could have lived in a big Jugendstil flat surrounded by books and plants and cultivated my literary knowledge and contacts.
‘I believe that Milena was the one who understood Kafka best,’ Barbara says. ‘Have you gone to her house yet?’
‘I didn’t think it was possible to visit,’ I answer without really being able to explain what I mean.
‘You know what you have to do,’ Barbara says, lapping at her sorbet.
My hotel is only a few blocks from Lerchenfelder Strasse. I head westward, towards the Gürtel, the motorway that surrounds the city like an outer ring. Although I know the area well, I can’t find my way. Until I focus, tune in to the correct frequency of my sense of direction. Number 113 turns out to be a fin-de-siècle building. But nobody would make a detour to this part of town, lined with garages, discount shops and supply lines – small joints and people who mostly seem to be drifting around.
Milena’s house stands as if it were torn away from the rest. As if it were the only one that hadn’t been renovated in this neighbourhood, or the only one that’s remained intact. There’s no commemorative plaque on the front door, no ‘Behind these walls once lived the brilliant journalist and translator Milena Pollak, née Jesenská, and her unfaithful husband, Ernst’.
‘Lerche’ means lark, but the name of the street has nothing to do with birdsong.
I press all the buttons on the intercom, and finally someone lets me in. The scent of the stairway is familiar – maybe all buildings in Vienna smell like this? It’s a mixture of fresh morning and scouring detergent. I walk up the stairs, but I don’t find a single trace. As it turns out, the building has been renovated inside, but the dimensions and the stucco have been preserved. Yet there’s something missing.
So this is where Milena lived with domestic and spouse. Her bourgeois background shone through: even though she toiled at different kinds of work, she would have never touched any household tasks. You simply did not do such things. But work hard – that she did. ‘It’s just different kinds of work – what women do has always been the same,’ I hear a voice inside me say. As if my grandmother suddenly appeared on the stairs. Taking care of someone’s texts or your own cows are just two sides of the same coin.
I close my eyes for a moment and visualize a skylark singing intensely. Milena’s bedroom window faced the greenery outside, the small park where families with children and people with unclear business now share a space. ‘She must have been close to the birds and their songs, to the living,’ I think.
Otherwise I find nothing here. The signs on the doors don’t reveal a single clue. Yet it’s as if something is filtering through me, like a kind of light with a lilac’s simplicity within.

Kafkalungan
Wahlström & Widstrand, 2024, 256 pages.
Rights: Johanna Lindborg, Bonnier Rights.
We are grateful to Bonnier Rights for granting permission to publish this translated excerpt.
Cecilia Hansson is an author, poet and journalist. She is a board member of Swedish PEN and a well-known expert on Central Europe. Her book Hopplöst, men inte allvarligt (Hopeless, But Not Serious) was reviewed in SBR 2017:2. She is the recipient of the Eva Bonnier Foundation's 70th Anniversary Fund for 2025.
Kathy Saranpa was born in the US and now works as a literary translator in Finland. A teacher and freelance translator of commercial texts, she caught the literary translating bug when she worked on rendering Ingrid and Joachim Wall’s A Silenced Voice into English (Amazon Crossing, 2020). Her translation of Gun-Britt Sundström's Maken (an excerpt from which was published in SBR in 2022) will appear this July under the title Engagement with Penguin/Random House.